Sneakers 30 : Brasov
Trail photos
Author
Trail stats
- Distance
- 3.78 mi
- Elevation gain
- 72 ft
- Technical difficulty
- Moderate
- Elevation loss
- 171 ft
- Max elevation
- 2,027 ft
- TrailRank
- 40
- Min elevation
- 1,903 ft
- Trail type
- One Way
- Moving time
- one hour 10 minutes
- Time
- one hour 39 minutes
- Coordinates
- 847
- Uploaded
- March 2, 2023
- Recorded
- March 2023
near Măgurele, Brașov (România)
Viewed 112 times, downloaded 0 times
Trail photos
Itinerary description
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Brașov (Romanian pronunciation: [braˈʃov]; in Hungarian Brassó, in German Kronstadt, in Latin Corona) is a municipality of Romania of 309 961 inhabitants [1], capital of the homonymous district. In 2007 the metropolitan area of Brașov was established which includes not only the city but also 12 neighboring municipalities[
The first documents mentioning the city, with the Latin name of Corona, date back to the XIII century. The current Romanian and Hungarian names probably derive from the ancient Turkish word barasu, which means "fortress", or from the Turkish word boro-sug, or "grey water", a name taken from a citadel called Brassovia located on the Tâmpa hill, on the side south of the city.
The coat of arms of the city instead originates from the medieval Latin name Corona and from the German one Kronstadt (city of the crown); however in the Middle Ages all three names were used to designate the city. Between 1950 and 1960, during the communist regime, the city assumed the name Orașul Stalin (Stalin's City), in honor of the Soviet leader.
History
The oldest vestiges of human settlements in the Brașov area date back to the Neolithic. Archaeological excavations in various areas of the city have led to the discovery of finds from the Bronze Age, citadels from the Dacian era and buildings from the Roman era. In later periods the population of the time was almost entirely Bulgarian; archaeological finds from the period between the 2nd and 8th centuries have been found, in particular coins, rings, metal tools and crockery. Much of the development of Brașov was due to the Saxons who were called by King Géza II on several occasions between 1141 and 1162 to found cities, start mines and cultivate the land in Transylvania. The Germans became the focus of defense of the southern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary under King Andrew II.
The Germans who lived in Brașov were mainly artisans and traders who managed to take advantage of the favorable position of the city, at the crossroads of the main communication routes between the Ottoman Empire and Western Europe, and also some tax breaks from the kings of Hungary, obtaining substantial economic enrichment and strong political influence. This also led to a development of the city's architecture. But as the city was exposed to the punitive raids of Vlad Țepeș and the Tatars, important fortifications were built, continuously expanded and upgraded with several towers, each of which was maintained and guarded by one of the congregations of craftsmen. Currently, two city gates remain (Porta Ecaterinei and Porta Șchei), while the fortifications are being restored and recovered thanks to UNESCO funds. The oldest building in the city is the Church of San Bartolomeo. The ancient town hall with annexed square also remains from the time, overlooked by one of the oldest buildings in the city, the Hirscher Haus, built by a wealthy merchant family. Also nearby is the Evangelical Black Church (Biserica Neagră), which according to some scholars is the largest Gothic church in Eastern Europe.
The Black Church.
The presence of the Saxons of Transylvania and the Hungarian rule deprived Romanian citizens of many political and civil rights for a long time, forcing them to live outside the city walls and to devote themselves to agricultural activities, still managing to achieve economic well-being such as to allow them to regain a certain influence and partially re-establish their culture, also thanks to the start-up of the first typography in Transylvania (1558) and the subsequent opening of a library. Brașov was the most important seat of the initiation of Protestantism in Transylvania, thanks to the humanist Johannes Honterus who founded the Protestant school here where young scholars from all over Transylvania came. The Saxons also translated parts of the Bible into Romanian but the Orthodox Church made strong opposition by declaring them heretics.
In 1689 the city did not want to submit to Austrian forces. To punish it, General Caraffa ordered the city to be set on fire, many buildings were destroyed and the great Gothic church became Black. In 1848 the city will be one of the centers of the anti-Habsburg revolution in Transylvania. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, the Romanians of Transylvania fought to obtain more rights, with the support of those of the neighboring areas and the local community of Greek merchants; citizenship rights were granted for a short time in the first decades of the 19th century by Joseph II of Habsburg-Lorraine, of which Transylvania was a part. Thanks also to the support of the Orthodox Church, two important events for Romanian culture took place in Brașov in 1838: the birth of the first Romanian-language newspaper, the Gazeta Transilvaniei, and of the first higher education institution, the Școlile Centrale Greco-Ortodoxe ( Greek Orthodox Central Schools).
Map of Brașov by Giovanni Morando Visconti (1699)
In 1850 the population consisted of about 40.8% Germans, 40% Romanians and 13.4% Hungarians. Following Magyarization, in the early 20th century Hungarians constituted the majority: in 1910 they were in fact 43.4% of the city's population, against 28.7% Romanians and 26.4% Germans. In 1918, after the First World War, when Transylvania was united with the rest of Romania, the German community declared allegiance to Romania, but after the Second World War and the advent of the communist regime, many were forced to emigrate to Germany and others were deported to the Soviet Union. However, the current restructuring of Brașov was always done by the Saxon emigrants themselves or their descendants.
Starting from 1807, Brașov also had a Jewish community, which reached the number of about 4,000 people in 1940; a large part of it emigrated to Israel after the Second World War and today the community has about 130 people. There are two synagogues, one Orthodox and one Neolog. Furthermore, in the city, as indeed in a good part of Transylvania, a substantial Hungarian community remains. During the communist regime, the strong industrial development imposed by the central government led to dangerous social tensions, resulting in a long anti-communist strike in 1987, violently repressed by the authorities, with the arrest of numerous workers.
Data on demographic trends
In 1850 the city had 21,782 inhabitants, composed mainly of 8,874 Germans, 8,727 Romanians, 2,939 Hungarians, 780 Gypsies and 67 Jews.[3] In 1910 the city had 41,056 inhabitants, including 17,831 (43.43%) Hungarians, 11,786 (28.71%) Romanians, 10,841 (26.41%) Saxons[4] After the Treaty of Trianon, the non-Romanian population is reduced. Today the Hungarians represent 10% and the Saxons do not reach 1,000 inhabitants [5] In particular, the 2002 data indicate that 258,042 citizens declared themselves Romanians, 23,176 Hungarians, 560 Ukrainians, 1,717 Germans, 103 Lipovans, 640 Turks , 14 Tartars, 120 Serbs, 40 Slovaks, 130 Bulgarians, 60 Croats, 710 Greeks, 120 Jews, 130 Czechs, 240 Poles, 830 Italians, 60 Chinese, 130 Armenians, 280 Csángó, 2 270 of other ethnic groups. [citation needed]
Economy
The IAR Brașov in 1940
The industrial development of Brașov began in the interwar period, when the Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR) was started, a large aeronautical industry, which built the first Romanian fighter planes, used in the Second World War against the Soviet Union; after the advent of the communist regime, the factory was reconverted to the production of agricultural machinery with the name Uzina Tractorul Brașov, UTB Universal, while in more recent times specialized aircraft products were developed and produced for agricultural use.
The communist regime greatly accelerated industrial development, especially heavy industry, which attracted many workers from the surrounding areas. Although the industrial activity has had a not negligible decline in recent years, the area remains highly industrialized, with companies in the mechanical sector (agricultural machinery, hydraulic transmissions, ball bearings, automotive components, helicopters), as well as pharmaceuticals (with the recent construction of a factory of the multinational GlaxoSmithKline), of furniture and textiles. In Brașov there are also Poiana, one of the best known chocolate industries in the country, and a large brewery.
A separate story is that of Nivea: in the period between the two wars, the Romanian importer of Beiersdorf had set up a factory in Brașov to produce cosmetics with this brand; after the end of the war and the advent of the communist regime, the director was tortured and deported and the factory was confiscated, but it continued to produce Nivea brand cosmetics which were sold throughout Eastern Europe. Only in 1995, after a dispute in court, this anomaly was closed with the cessation of use of the brand and the return of the plant to the German company which continues to produce
Infrastructure and transport
The city of Brașov is home to an important railway junction characterized by the first electrification experiments for Romania in 1965. In 2004 the construction of the A3 Bucharest-Budapest highway started.
A special case is that of air connections: the IAR Brașov had its own airport which, however, with the reconversion that took place after the Second World War, was destroyed and the railway station was built on the area, in the center of which remains the old control tower, the only part not destroyed at the time. A new international airport is under construction in nearby Ghimbav, with a 2800 m runway and a terminal designed for 1 million passengers a year; the opening, initially scheduled for July 2007, has not yet taken place in 2017.
Natural resources for tourism
Since the Brașov region is mostly mountainous, tourists who come to Brașov can enjoy all winter sports activities. The main mountain massifs of the municipality with infrastructure, entertainment and suitable for skiing:
Massif Piatra Mare with very easy paths offers many beautiful natural tourist locations and the possibility of practicing the sport of paragliding.
Monti Bucegi, National Park with splendid glaciers with refuges at the top and the possibility of trekking, alpine skiing, cross-country skiing and snowboarding.
Piatra Craiului Massif, National Park, unique of its kind in the Romanian Carpathians having the mountain range of 25 kilometers in length. Here you can find some species of native flora and fauna. You can find refuges and modern infrastructures in the surrounding areas.
Ciucaș Mountains (Munții Ciucaș) shortly National Park, this area has little tourist infrastructure but offers a large choice of agrotourism in the towns located at the foot of the mountain.
Perșani Mountains (Munții Perșani) are lower than the massifs mentioned above, but having many tourist attractions in the northwestern part of the municipality with many protected areas, architecturally interesting historical, cultural monuments.
Făgăraș Mountains (Munții Făgăraș) are the highest and most spectacular mountains in Romania.
Source : wikiloc
The first documents mentioning the city, with the Latin name of Corona, date back to the XIII century. The current Romanian and Hungarian names probably derive from the ancient Turkish word barasu, which means "fortress", or from the Turkish word boro-sug, or "grey water", a name taken from a citadel called Brassovia located on the Tâmpa hill, on the side south of the city.
The coat of arms of the city instead originates from the medieval Latin name Corona and from the German one Kronstadt (city of the crown); however in the Middle Ages all three names were used to designate the city. Between 1950 and 1960, during the communist regime, the city assumed the name Orașul Stalin (Stalin's City), in honor of the Soviet leader.
History
The oldest vestiges of human settlements in the Brașov area date back to the Neolithic. Archaeological excavations in various areas of the city have led to the discovery of finds from the Bronze Age, citadels from the Dacian era and buildings from the Roman era. In later periods the population of the time was almost entirely Bulgarian; archaeological finds from the period between the 2nd and 8th centuries have been found, in particular coins, rings, metal tools and crockery. Much of the development of Brașov was due to the Saxons who were called by King Géza II on several occasions between 1141 and 1162 to found cities, start mines and cultivate the land in Transylvania. The Germans became the focus of defense of the southern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary under King Andrew II.
The Germans who lived in Brașov were mainly artisans and traders who managed to take advantage of the favorable position of the city, at the crossroads of the main communication routes between the Ottoman Empire and Western Europe, and also some tax breaks from the kings of Hungary, obtaining substantial economic enrichment and strong political influence. This also led to a development of the city's architecture. But as the city was exposed to the punitive raids of Vlad Țepeș and the Tatars, important fortifications were built, continuously expanded and upgraded with several towers, each of which was maintained and guarded by one of the congregations of craftsmen. Currently, two city gates remain (Porta Ecaterinei and Porta Șchei), while the fortifications are being restored and recovered thanks to UNESCO funds. The oldest building in the city is the Church of San Bartolomeo. The ancient town hall with annexed square also remains from the time, overlooked by one of the oldest buildings in the city, the Hirscher Haus, built by a wealthy merchant family. Also nearby is the Evangelical Black Church (Biserica Neagră), which according to some scholars is the largest Gothic church in Eastern Europe.
The Black Church.
The presence of the Saxons of Transylvania and the Hungarian rule deprived Romanian citizens of many political and civil rights for a long time, forcing them to live outside the city walls and to devote themselves to agricultural activities, still managing to achieve economic well-being such as to allow them to regain a certain influence and partially re-establish their culture, also thanks to the start-up of the first typography in Transylvania (1558) and the subsequent opening of a library. Brașov was the most important seat of the initiation of Protestantism in Transylvania, thanks to the humanist Johannes Honterus who founded the Protestant school here where young scholars from all over Transylvania came. The Saxons also translated parts of the Bible into Romanian but the Orthodox Church made strong opposition by declaring them heretics.
In 1689 the city did not want to submit to Austrian forces. To punish it, General Caraffa ordered the city to be set on fire, many buildings were destroyed and the great Gothic church became Black. In 1848 the city will be one of the centers of the anti-Habsburg revolution in Transylvania. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, the Romanians of Transylvania fought to obtain more rights, with the support of those of the neighboring areas and the local community of Greek merchants; citizenship rights were granted for a short time in the first decades of the 19th century by Joseph II of Habsburg-Lorraine, of which Transylvania was a part. Thanks also to the support of the Orthodox Church, two important events for Romanian culture took place in Brașov in 1838: the birth of the first Romanian-language newspaper, the Gazeta Transilvaniei, and of the first higher education institution, the Școlile Centrale Greco-Ortodoxe ( Greek Orthodox Central Schools).
Map of Brașov by Giovanni Morando Visconti (1699)
In 1850 the population consisted of about 40.8% Germans, 40% Romanians and 13.4% Hungarians. Following Magyarization, in the early 20th century Hungarians constituted the majority: in 1910 they were in fact 43.4% of the city's population, against 28.7% Romanians and 26.4% Germans. In 1918, after the First World War, when Transylvania was united with the rest of Romania, the German community declared allegiance to Romania, but after the Second World War and the advent of the communist regime, many were forced to emigrate to Germany and others were deported to the Soviet Union. However, the current restructuring of Brașov was always done by the Saxon emigrants themselves or their descendants.
Starting from 1807, Brașov also had a Jewish community, which reached the number of about 4,000 people in 1940; a large part of it emigrated to Israel after the Second World War and today the community has about 130 people. There are two synagogues, one Orthodox and one Neolog. Furthermore, in the city, as indeed in a good part of Transylvania, a substantial Hungarian community remains. During the communist regime, the strong industrial development imposed by the central government led to dangerous social tensions, resulting in a long anti-communist strike in 1987, violently repressed by the authorities, with the arrest of numerous workers.
Data on demographic trends
In 1850 the city had 21,782 inhabitants, composed mainly of 8,874 Germans, 8,727 Romanians, 2,939 Hungarians, 780 Gypsies and 67 Jews.[3] In 1910 the city had 41,056 inhabitants, including 17,831 (43.43%) Hungarians, 11,786 (28.71%) Romanians, 10,841 (26.41%) Saxons[4] After the Treaty of Trianon, the non-Romanian population is reduced. Today the Hungarians represent 10% and the Saxons do not reach 1,000 inhabitants [5] In particular, the 2002 data indicate that 258,042 citizens declared themselves Romanians, 23,176 Hungarians, 560 Ukrainians, 1,717 Germans, 103 Lipovans, 640 Turks , 14 Tartars, 120 Serbs, 40 Slovaks, 130 Bulgarians, 60 Croats, 710 Greeks, 120 Jews, 130 Czechs, 240 Poles, 830 Italians, 60 Chinese, 130 Armenians, 280 Csángó, 2 270 of other ethnic groups. [citation needed]
Economy
The IAR Brașov in 1940
The industrial development of Brașov began in the interwar period, when the Industria Aeronautică Română (IAR) was started, a large aeronautical industry, which built the first Romanian fighter planes, used in the Second World War against the Soviet Union; after the advent of the communist regime, the factory was reconverted to the production of agricultural machinery with the name Uzina Tractorul Brașov, UTB Universal, while in more recent times specialized aircraft products were developed and produced for agricultural use.
The communist regime greatly accelerated industrial development, especially heavy industry, which attracted many workers from the surrounding areas. Although the industrial activity has had a not negligible decline in recent years, the area remains highly industrialized, with companies in the mechanical sector (agricultural machinery, hydraulic transmissions, ball bearings, automotive components, helicopters), as well as pharmaceuticals (with the recent construction of a factory of the multinational GlaxoSmithKline), of furniture and textiles. In Brașov there are also Poiana, one of the best known chocolate industries in the country, and a large brewery.
A separate story is that of Nivea: in the period between the two wars, the Romanian importer of Beiersdorf had set up a factory in Brașov to produce cosmetics with this brand; after the end of the war and the advent of the communist regime, the director was tortured and deported and the factory was confiscated, but it continued to produce Nivea brand cosmetics which were sold throughout Eastern Europe. Only in 1995, after a dispute in court, this anomaly was closed with the cessation of use of the brand and the return of the plant to the German company which continues to produce
Infrastructure and transport
The city of Brașov is home to an important railway junction characterized by the first electrification experiments for Romania in 1965. In 2004 the construction of the A3 Bucharest-Budapest highway started.
A special case is that of air connections: the IAR Brașov had its own airport which, however, with the reconversion that took place after the Second World War, was destroyed and the railway station was built on the area, in the center of which remains the old control tower, the only part not destroyed at the time. A new international airport is under construction in nearby Ghimbav, with a 2800 m runway and a terminal designed for 1 million passengers a year; the opening, initially scheduled for July 2007, has not yet taken place in 2017.
Natural resources for tourism
Since the Brașov region is mostly mountainous, tourists who come to Brașov can enjoy all winter sports activities. The main mountain massifs of the municipality with infrastructure, entertainment and suitable for skiing:
Massif Piatra Mare with very easy paths offers many beautiful natural tourist locations and the possibility of practicing the sport of paragliding.
Monti Bucegi, National Park with splendid glaciers with refuges at the top and the possibility of trekking, alpine skiing, cross-country skiing and snowboarding.
Piatra Craiului Massif, National Park, unique of its kind in the Romanian Carpathians having the mountain range of 25 kilometers in length. Here you can find some species of native flora and fauna. You can find refuges and modern infrastructures in the surrounding areas.
Ciucaș Mountains (Munții Ciucaș) shortly National Park, this area has little tourist infrastructure but offers a large choice of agrotourism in the towns located at the foot of the mountain.
Perșani Mountains (Munții Perșani) are lower than the massifs mentioned above, but having many tourist attractions in the northwestern part of the municipality with many protected areas, architecturally interesting historical, cultural monuments.
Făgăraș Mountains (Munții Făgăraș) are the highest and most spectacular mountains in Romania.
Source : wikiloc
Waypoints
Religious site
Waypoint
2,003 ft
null
Monument
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